SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER

• Wisconsin has nearly 11,500 public water systems which meet the daily water needs of about 4 million people. Public water systems that are owned by a community are called municipal water systems. Pepin County has 2 municipal water systems.  

GROUNDWATER PROTECTION POLICIES   

• 1 of 2 municipal water systems in Pepin County has a wellhead protection plan: Durand.
• 1 of 2 municipal water systems in Pepin County has a wellhead protection ordinance: Durand.
• Pepin County has adopted an animal waste management ordinance.

MONEY SPENT ON CLEANUP

• Over $700,000 has been spent on petroleum cleanup in Pepin County from leaking underground storage tanks, which equates to $99 per county resident.
• No municipal water systems in Pepin County have spent money to reduce nitrate levels.

GROUNDWATER USE  

• From 1979 to 2005, total water use in Pepin County has increased from about 1.2 million gallons per day to about 3.0 million gallons per day.*
• The increase in total water use over this period is due primarily to an increase in irrigation use and industrial use after 2000.
• The proportion of county water use supplied by groundwater has consistently been about 98% during the period 1979 to 2000and decreased to 55% in 2005.*
• Water use in Wisconsin is generally estimated for the following categories:
  • Domestic
  • Livestock
  • Aquaculture
  • Irrigation
  • Industrial
  • Commercial
  • Public use and losses
  • Thermoelectric or mining*

* Thermoelectric and mining data are not considered in water-use tables or figures on this web site. Thermoelectric-power water use is the amount of water used in the process of generating thermoelectric power. The predominant use of water is as non-contact cooling water to condense the steam created to turn the turbines and generate electricity.

SUSCEPTIBILITY OF GROUNDWATER TO CONTAMINANTS   

• Wisconsin has abundant quantities of high-quality groundwater, but once groundwater is contaminated, it's very expensive and often not technically possible to clean.
• An evaluation of the susceptibility of groundwater to contamination in Pepin County can be seen in the FULL REPORT or accessed through the map link above.

GROUNDWATER QUALITY

• 81% of 59 private well samples collected in Pepin County from 1990-2006 met the health-based drinking water limit for nitrate-nitrogen.  
• A 2002 study estimated that 52% of private drinking water wells in the region of Wisconsin that includes Pepin County contained a detectable level of an herbicide or herbicide metabolite. Pesticides occur in groundwater more commonly in agricultural regions, but can occur anywhere pesticides are stored or applied.   
• There are no atrazine prohibition areas in Pepin County.
• No arsenic data were found for private wells in Pepin County.

POTENTIAL SOURCES OF CONTAMINANTS

• There are 8 open-status sites in Pepin County that have contaminated groundwater and/or soil. These sites include 2 Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) sites, 3 Environmental Repair (ERP) sites and 3 spill sites.  
• There is 1 concentrated animal feeding operation in Pepin County.
• There are no licensed landfills in Pepin County.
• There are no Superfund sites in Pepin County.

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